gwvlw od : gwOwxlk owvÆÚxZK kÕewìæËkk Duo
mwioÖŒwiwd Lwd

gwvlw od xVK KLd, KyhwËg eÞPxlZ pËtxQl Zw GLËdw GËKgwËk xdxúPZ KËk ÌKD glËZ ewËkdxd„ ZËg dwdw eËkwq eÞiwËY iËd Kkw pt- oiÛwU AwKgk GB od eÞgZêd KËkd„ oiÛwU AwKgk jxb okwoxk gwvlw od eÞgZêd dwI KËk awËKd, ZgÖ Gid eÞPlËd Ìj Z^wk eËkwq Agbwd AwËQ G xgnËt ÌKwËdw oËëbp ÌdB„ KwkY oiÛwU AwKgk ogêhwkZyt Blwxp od eÞgZêd KËkxQËld„ gwvlw od ÌoB Blwxp oËdk eÞZøq eÞhwËgB eÞPxlZ pËtËQ„ ÌoRdøB AxcKwvm ex¡Z Ggv LøwZdwiw gøx£ß iËd KËkd Ìj gwvlw od oiÛwU AwKgk gw ÌKwËdw iÖoliwd kwRw-gwbmw gw owiìæ eÞhÖ eÞPld KËkxQËld„ GËbk Dxrnøwk xgLøwZ HxZpwxoK KwxmeÞowb RtËowtwl iËd KËkd AwKgkB gwvlw od gw gŠw˲k eÞgZêK„ xgšwdy ÌiNdwb owpw iËd KËkd AwKgËkk Zwxti-B-Blwxp gw Blwxp od pl gŠw˲k iÔËl„ AdøxbËK ÌdwËgl eÖkÆwk xgRty AaêdyxZxgb AcøweK AiZêø ÌodI Z^wk xiËlxdtwi g£ßÙZwt (xblöy 2000) oiÛwU AwKgkËKB gwvlw oËdk eÞgZêK xpowËg AxhxpZ KËkd„ owl ZwxkËLk BxZpwo xdËt ÌlLwËlxL KËkËQd Gid GKRd cyiwd MËgnK elwmgkY ewl gwvlw oËdk dwdw oioøw xdËt xgZKê KkËZ xMËt gËlËQd : ‘K×xr e^xPm gQËkk AwËM gŠw² m²Uwk PlxQËlw dw, ZLd glw pËZw ÂcÖB ‘owl’ gw ‘od’„ exúPi hwkËZ ÌKD xg¢ßi ovgu-ËK xg¢ßi owl gw xg¢ßi od gËl dw„ ÌdewËl gÖ¦ ovgu-ËK ÌKD gÖ¦ owl gËl dw„ ZwpËl gwvlwt owl gw od glw pt ÌKd? GBLwËd iËd kwLËZ pËg, owl KawUw fwxoê, od KawUw Awkgy„ G ÌaËK iËd pt, xpRky KøwËl«wk ÌaËKB ÌKwËdwhwËg D¨ÖZ AwiwËbk gwvlw A² gw gwvlw owl„ Zw jxb pt, ZwpËl AwKgk xaËtwxgk ÌPËt xgmðwoø Adø ÌKwËdw xaËtwxgk owd ewItw iÖmxKl (owl ZwxkËLk BxZpwo- elwmgkY ewl eÙ: 95, oiÛwU eÞKwmdy, KlKwZw, 1994)„
ÌKwËdw ÌKwËdw MËgnK o®i mZËKk kwRw mmw‰ËK ‘gŠw˲k’ eÞgZêK gËl iËd KËkd„ Awgwk ÌKD ÌKD gwvlwk oÖlZwdy AwiËlk xgLøwZ oiÛwU ÌpwËod mwpËK gwvlw oËdk eÞgZêK gËl iËd KËkd„ xKìç KlKwZw xgmðxgbøwlËtk eÞwPyd hwkZyt BxZpwo I ovÆÚxZ xghwËMk hÔZeÔgê KwkiwBËKl KËlËRk AcøweK I icø Gxmtwk BxZpwo-xgËmnš gÛZyëbÛ dwa iÖËLwewcøwt gËld : ‘... GUw exkûKwk Ìj AwKgËkk kwRËZòk eÔËgê gwvlw od gw gŠw² gøgpwËkk ÌKwdI xdxúPZ eÞiwY ÌdB„ GLd ejêìæ AwxgûKÚZ I AwËlwxPZ Zaøwxb AwKgËkk AwiËl PwëbÛ-xpRky A˲k ovÆwËkk iËcøB gŠw˲k oÔPdwk BxŠZ KËk„ Gk xgekyZ ÌKwdI NUdw xdËbêmK xgmðwoËjwMø ZaøoÔ¢ AwxgûKÚZ dw pItw ejêìæ GB iZB MÞpYËjwMø (gwŠwlw od: gŠ, gwŠwlw I hwkZ- gÛZyëbÛ dwa iÖËLwewcøwt, eÙ: 87, KlKwZw, eÞËMÞxoh ewgxlmwoê, 2000)„
gwvlw oËdk BxZpwo I Gk D¨Ëgk xgnËt xgZKê awKËlI gwOwxlk BxZpwo I ZwËbk Rygdiw¢wt GB oËdk eÞhwg xQËlw gøweK I Mhyk„ KÙxÄxhx£K MÞwiyY gwvlwËbËm DuewbdiÖLy oKl KiêKwË¡ gwvlw oËdk xQËlw GKâQ¢ AwxceZø„ fol Ìgwdw, foËlk oitxhx£K jZí gw exkPjêw, folKwUwop jwgZyt KÚxnKwR gwvlw od ZwxkL AdÖjwty xdûedí Kkw pËZw„ ÌoB oËŠ hwl fol NËk DVËl gwOwxlk gwk iwËok ÌZËkw ewgêdI DbzjwxeZ pËZw gwvlw ex™Kwk xbdqY xpowg KËk„ gwvlwt pËkK kKi Ìilwk xbd ZwxkLI xdcêwxkZ xQËlw gwvlw oËdk oËŠ| ÂcÖ fol Awk Duog dw, gwOwxlk Aaêwu gwOwxl KÚnËKk ewxkgwxkK Ggv owiwxRK KwRKiê, Âhxbd, xggwp, Rdô-iÙZ×øop RygËdk oKl xgnËtB gwvlw od xQËlw GKK I Addø„ MÞwiyY iwdÖn gwvlw od ZwxkËLk Ìjid xpËog KËn Rygdjw¢w xdgêwp KkËZw Zwk oËŠ P^wËbk xpowgUwI xQËlw iÖLø„ Aiwgmøw, eÔxYêiw ov¢ßwxìæ Ggv xZxa-dqË¢k gøwewkI AwcÖxdK bÙxÄËZ xdkqk, xKìç RygËdk ewVmwlwt KËVwk eÞxmqËY S×Ëdw pËt jwItw iwdÖn†Ëlwk Rdø xQËlw Ñbdxëbd RygËd xbK-xdËbêxmKwk iËZw„ gwOwxlk gøx£ßMZ, ewxkgwxkK, owiwxRK RygdËKB ÂcÖ gwvlw od ogl I ox¢ßt KËkxd Zwk xdRþñ NËkwtw I owiwxRK RygdgÙË£k icø ÌaËK Zwk xgmðbÙxÄ (World View) MVËdI gwvlw od-xdhêk owvÆÚxZK, bwmêxdK I idþæwx£K DewbwdoiÔp †kØZòeÔYê hÔxiKw ewld KËkËQ„ AdøxbËK gÙp£k oiwR, þÿwdyt okKwk, Rxibwk Ggv ÌKëbÛyt okKwËkk oËŠ oóeKê þÿweËdI opwtK pËtËQ„ BvËkR Awil ÌaËK eÞwt­ GKwl ejêìæ RxibwËkk LwRdw Ìbgwk gøwewËk gwvlw odB xQËlw xpowg-xKZwËgk iwcøi„ MÞwi-gwvlwk Ìi#xlK AaêKxk, DuewbdiÔlK Ggv owiwxRK gøgþÿwedwMZ Kwjêwxb Ggv eÞRw I Rxibwk-okKwËkk iËcø LwRdw, Rxi ÌKdwËgPwop oKl KwR Aaêwu eÞRw owcwkY I Rxibwk gw okKwËkk iËcø AwxaêK, AwBdMZ I eÞšwediÔlK KwRoiÔp gwvlw hwnw I gwvlw xbd ZwxkLËK eÞwcwdø xbËt oóedí KkwB xQËlw eÞawxo¦ xdti„
gwOwxlk KÚxnxdhêk IB RygËd MÞwiyY gwvlwËbËmk owiwxRK exkgZêËdk cwkw xQËlw LÖgB möa„ dby-dwlw, Lwl-xgËlk xgeÖl xgþæwk, jwZwtwZ gøgþÿwk bÖMêxZ Ggv dMb etowk AhwËg RdRygd xQËlw xþæxiZ, iwdÖËnk iËcø GK ckËdk šwZø xgkwR KkxQËlw„ gwOwxlk gwvlw od Ìjid foxl od ZwËbk RygËdI xQËlw foËlk Ìi#oÖËik DnäZw, DâQlZw„ gnêwKwËl cwd-ewU KwUw pËl Zw xgx¢ß KËk Ìj dMb etow pwËZ AwoËZw Zw xbËtB gQËkk dZ×d Kwer ÌKdw LwRdwk ewU P×KwËdwk ek KUw iwo Alo oit KwUwËdw„ myZKwËlk Awid cwd NËk DVËl Awgwk xeVw-eÖxl LwItw, dgwdí Duog, dwdw kKi Ìilwk AwËtwRd, jw¢w, Rwxk-owxk, kwiwtd, Mºykw KyZêd, ewlwk Awok, n^wËrk lrwB, ÌiwkËMk lrwB, lwxV ÌLlw, ÌiËtËbk Mwxoê Duog, oËpdw Duog, ÌQËlËbk bwxrtwgww, ÌMwlöwQÖU, gwYËLlw, pwWÖWÖ ÌLlwk RiRiwU Awdëb-fÔxZê„ Gkek gËrw AwKwËkk ÑP¢ ov¢ßwxìæk Ìilw Ggv 1lw ÑgmwËLk ÌhwËk KÚnK exkgwËkk ewxkgwxkK Awiwxd Duog­ jwk lqø owkw gQËkk mwxìæ, oÖL, oiÙx¦ Ggv DuKÚÄ flËdk AwKwáqw„ eËk owkwxbd cËk pwlLwZw Duog, dwdw RwtMwt gËrw ckËdk Ìilw„ ZwËZ MÞwiyY iÙuxmùe I KwkØeËYøk xgxKxKxd„ xgËdwbËdk Rdø eÖZ×l dwP, owKêwo, g… xoËdiw| GB xdËtB MÞwiyY iwdÖËnk ÌoxK Awdëb! eÖxZk iwlw, g^wxm, KwV-g^wËmk ÌLldw, dgwdí, Kbiw, pwItwk xiVwB xbËtB pwxo I oÖËLk Awhw ÌfwUwËdw jwt AËùe Z×Ä MÞwiyY dwky I xmÂk iÖËL„
ewxKþæwd AwiËl gwOwxl KÚnKRygËdk GB Ìi#xlK Duog ewgêËdk xgntxUËK okKwxkhwËg xdkØuowxpZ Kkw pt„ KwkY MÞwi-gwvlwk GB ovÆÚxZ xQËlw ovKk ovÆÚxZ gw ximÛ ovÆÚxZ„ GB ovÆÚxZËZ xpëbÖ, Ìg#¦, Awxbgwoy Ggv iÖoxli ovÆÚxZk oiìñt NËUxQËlw„ GB oixìñZ ovÆÚxZËK ewxKþæwdy mwoK Ggv ZwËbk GËbmyt cµRwcwky Ggv dg-Dx¤Z iÖoxli gwOwxl icøxgË£k GKUw Avm okKwxk ejêwËt Ggv owiwxRKhwËg AMÞpYËjwMø Ggv ewxKþæwdy Zaw iÖoxli-AwbËmêk Rdø qxZKk gËl eÞPwk PwlwËZ awËK„ GB eÞPwk Ìj xgfËl ÌMËQ Zw glw jwt dw„ ZÚYiÔl ejêwËtk AËdK ÌlwKDuog Ìjid DeËjwMy owiwxRK eUhÔxi I fwvmd dw awKwk Rdø xglÖ® pËtËQ gw xglÖx®k eËa kËtËQ ÌZixd GckËdk xgËkwcy eÞPwËkI cyËk cyËk xþæxiZ pËt ÌMËQ„ itidxovËpk hwxU AéËlk xgLøwZ n^wËrk lrwB, iÖxëoM™-iwxdKMË™k MkØk Ìb#r, KyZêd-kwilylw-KÚnälylw, xbdwReÖËkk ÌdKiËbêk xgLøwZ ÑgmwLy Ìilw, ÌKwËdw ÌKwËdw AéËlk ÑP¢ ov¢ßwxìæk Ìilw I PrK Duog, pwlLwZwk ÌoB ciyêt Awgp, xdÅw, cÔecÖËdwit exkËgm GLd LÖg GKUw ÌbLw jwt dw„ lqôybwZw MËYËmk iÔxZêËZ xo^bÖk, KwËQxeËV Z×loyewZw xpëbÖ ÌbwKwËdI GLd og oit ÌbLw jwt dw„ AwËM iÖoliwd ÌbwKwËdk pwlLwZw DuoËgI oixìñZ HxZËpøk Ìj Qwe erËZw gwvlwËbËmk owiwxRK RygËd BolwiwBËRmËdk GB jÖËM Zw Awk ÌbLw jwt dw„
gwvlw od I gwOwxlk HxZpøMZ ovÆÚxZk Agþÿwd gZêiwd gwvlwËbm Awk AwËMk iËZw ÌdB„ GLd KÚnK exkgwËkk oìæwËdkw ÌlLwerw xmLËQ„ MÞwiyY AaêdyxZk iËcø dwdw Dewbwd jÖ£ß pËt AËdKUw eÞwY oéwk pËtËQ Ggv GËZ AËdËKk Agþÿwk exkgZêd pËtËQ, pwËZ dMb etow Awowk Duo oÙxÄ pËtËQ„ fËl Rygdcwkwk exkgZêd NËUËQ, gbËlËQ Nkgwxrk ckd, Awogwge¢, ÑZRne¢ Ggv owiwxRK kyxZ-dyxZ I AhøwËok„ GB exkgZêËdk fËl gwOwxlk HxZpøMZ ovÆÚxZk Dewbwd Ggv Rygdjw¢wk oËŠ NxdÅhwËg oóexKêZ gwvlw odI Awk GLd GKwxceZø KkËZ ewkËQ dw„ GËbk oìæwdwxb GLd MÞwËi gøgow-gwxYRø gw Adø Ìj KwRB KkØK dw ÌKd Zwk oËŠ gwvlw oËdk oóeKê AwËMk iËZw IZËeÞwu dt„ gkv MÞwi-RygËdk dZ×d cwkw jw mpËk gwo jw xgËbËm PwKxk-gwKxkk oÖgwËb GËbk oËŠ AwìæRêwxZK od xpowËg LÙÄyt oËdk gøgpwk ÌgËrËQ­ gwvlw od ptËZw MÙpgxëb pËt eËrËQ owËgK KwËlk Rygdcwkwt Ahøþÿ MÙpK¢yêk KwËQ„ MÞwi gwvlwt gøweK ovLøK Æ×l-KËlR-iwbÛwow PwlÖ pItwt Rygdcwkwt dwdw exkgZêd GËoËQ„ xgËbmy m², ewúPwZø Rygdcwkwk dwdw DeKkY, xRdoz-Gk eøwëU Ggv ÌKwKwËKwlw XÖËK ÌMËQ MÞwËi„ ÌUxlxhmd, ÌiwgwBl Ìfwd, AovLø ÌbwKwdewU, XwKwk RwZyt ÑbxdK ovgwbe¢, gwo-Uøwx…-AËUwxk…w, xhxWI xflô, xpxëb xoËdiw BZøwxbk gøweK eÞhwËg AwËMk KwËlk ovÆÚxZ AxdËKZ I DdôÖl pËtËQ„ G Agþÿwt gwvlw odI gwOwxl ovÆÚxZ eÞP¡ PwËek iËcø eËrËQ„ GLd Awk AwËMk iËZw gwvlw Ìbtwl ex™Kw ÌbLw jwt dw„ KxPZ KLËdw KÚxn gøwvËKk ex™Kwt Ìkwiwd KøwËl«wËkk AqËkk xdËP gwvlw ovLøwI ÌlLw awËK„ AwoËl MÞwi-gwvlw GLd GK ¢ßwxìæKwËlk iÖËL„ eÖkËdw ovÆÚxZ I Rygdcwkw ÌhËO ÌMËQ xKìç dZ×d ovÆÚxZkI gÖxdtwb ewKw ptxd„
IeËk Awikw HxZpøMZ gwvlw ovÆÚxZk cwkwk kÕewìæËkk GKUw xP¢ Deþÿwed KËkxQ„ IB cwkwxU ÌoLwËd GËo Ìe^#ËQËQ ZwËZ ÌZid ÌKwËdw BxZgwPK I RygdyiÖLy oÖþÿ oiìñt Awikw ÌbxL dw„ gkv glw jwt GK ckËdk cÖicwrw~w- eÞg xgËdwbdÐmly MÞwi-gwvlwËZI elöxgZ pËt IVËQ„ ZËg Awmwk Kaw pËlw HxZpø I ÌlwKR xgnt AwoËtk GKUw kyxZ pËlw owiwxRK exkgZêËdk oËŠ Zw xdËRËK Lwe-LwBËt Ìdt­ dZ×d gw xhdíkÕËe Zw xdËRËK xgdøþæ KËk„ Ggv Gk Awk GKxU xgKwm gw dg-xdiêwËYk cwkwk iËcø GK ckËdk P¢ßid e¦xZ KwR KËk„ dMk ÌaËK ÂkØ pËt ÌKwËdw xmùekyxZ MÞwi-gwvlwk ÌlwKR kyxZËZ xgdøþæ pËZ ewËk„ Awiwk MÞwiyY ÌKwËdw hwg, ÌlwKR xmùecwkw mpËI GËo RwZyt ovÆÚxZk dg-xdiêwËY ZwuejêeÔYê hÔxiKw ewld KkËZ ewËk„ ovÆÚxZ­ Zw ÌlwKRB ÌpwK, Awk dwMxkK bÙxÄËZ iwdoóedíB ÌpwK­ Zwk xggZêd gw kÕewìæk NËU ZwB ‘AwgpiwdKwËlk’ ovÆÚxZ gËl xKQÖ ÌdB„ fËl ÌlwKR ovÆÚxZk oiÙx¦k cwkwËK og oiËt xþÿZwgþÿwt cËk kwLw gw ewItw oºg dw„

gwvlw od I gwvlw dggËnêk ÌqË¢ GB gøwewkxU KyhwËg NËUËQ Awikw ÌoxbËK dRk xbËZ ewxk„ ewxKþæwd AwiËl eÔgê-gwvlwk gwOwxlkw gwvlw dggnê DbzjweËd gwcwk oóiÖLyd pËtËQ„ iÖNl oiÛwU AwKgk gwvlw oËdk eÞgZêK GKaw gËlI ewxK-mwoKPË¢ßk id hÖlwËdw jwtxd (þôZêgø, ewK-AwiËl xdxiêZ XwKwk ÌiwpwóibeÖËkk dwdw kwþæwk dwi eÞcwdZ ÌiwMl oiÛwUËbk dwËi Kkw pËlI AwKgËkk dwËi ÌKwËdw kwþæwk dwi ÌdB„ KwkY xZxd ewxKËbk dw-eQëb xixlZ ovÆÚxZk eÙÅËewnK xQËld)„ ZËg ZLd gwvlw od I dggËnêk Duog gwOwxlËbk RwZytZwgwby AwËëbwlËdk oËŠ jÖ£ß pËt jwItwt Zw GK dZ×d RwZytkÕe I Zwuejê lwh KËkËQ„ 1952 owËlk hwnw AwËëbwlËdk fËl gwOwxlk Ìj dZ×d ciyêxdkËeq I dÙZwx£òK RwZyt AwËëbwld bwdw ÌgËc DËV gwvlw od gwvlw dggnê Duog I Zwk AwdÖnxŠK DewbwdoiÔp ZwËZ dZ×d MxZËgM oÙxÄ KËk„ 1954 owËl eÔgê-gwvlwk owcwkY xdgêwPËd jÖ£ßfÝËëUk xgmwl xgRt GB dZ×d gwOwxl RwZytZwgwb RdMËYk xdgêwPdy iøwË«ËU Rdoiaêd I kwRÐdxZK ÑgcZw lwh KËk„ eÔgê-gwvlwk dgRwMÞZ dMkgwoy gwOwxl iÖoliwd oiwR xdRþñ þñwËbxmK HxZpø AdÖowËdk DË¥Ëm Ggv gwOwxl RwxZMVd I RwZytZwgwËbk xgKwËm gwvlw dggnê I etlw ÑgmwLËK owiËd AwËd„ fËl ciê-gYê-ËMw¢ xdxgêËmËn gwvlw dggnê gw etlw ÑgmwL pËt IËV GK ipwd RwZyt DuoËgk xbd„ gwOwxl RwZytZwgwËbk Iek xhx£ KËk Gid GKxU ciê-xdkËeq ogêRdyd Duog-xbËdk ZLd ZygÛ eÞËtwRd AdÖhÔZ pxâQËlw„ MÞwi-gwvlwk KÚxn I q×bÛ-gøgow-gwxYËRøk GK ÌlwKR Duog GhwËgB RwZyt xgKwËmk oËŠ jÖ£ß pËt kwRÐdxZK iw¢w lwh KËk Ggv RwZyt ovÆÚxZk iÖ£ßcwkw oÙxÄk GK eÞxZgwby DuoËgkI kÕe lwh KËk„ ÑgmwËLk GB dwMxkK D¤wd Ggv ogêRdyd RwZyt DuoËgk kÕe xdiêwËY AdÖNUËKk KwMRxU KËk QwtwdU dwËik owvÆÚxZK ovMVdxU„ GËbkB eÞtwËo gwvlw dggnê GLd ÂcÖ xgmwl ogêRdyd RwZyt DuogB dt„ kwRÐdxZK h¡wxi I mVZwk xgkØ˦ GK Ìiwqi eÞxZgwËbk DuogI„ GB DuoËg 1989 ÌaËK iÖ£ß xixQl MÞwi-gwvlwk ÌlwK xixQËlk (iwxdKMË™k xovMwBk awdwk owpkwBl MÞwËik xo¦w gwryk eÞwPyd Ìilwt Gid xixQl Ìgk pËZw) iÖËLwoËK Ìj kwRÐdxZK gøŠ-xgbÛÕËek pwxZtwk xpowËg gøgpwk Kkw pt Zw oxdhêk I xgËmn ZwuejêeÔYê„ gwvlw dggËnêk GB dZ×d oºwgdwk RdøB ciê-gøgowty I AcêxmxqZ I iÔs Ìiwlöwkw dggËnêk DuoËgk xgkØ˦„ GËZ Ìgwiw pwilwI GB DË¥ËmB exkKxùeZ„